Panchang is a Hindu astrological almanac that provides comprehensive information about important astronomical and astrological data for a specific day. The term “Panchang” is derived from the Sanskrit words “panch” (meaning “five”) and “ang” (meaning “part”). It signifies the five limbs or components of the Panchang that include Tithi, Nakshatra, Yoga, Karana, and Rashi. Here’s a breakdown of these components:
1. Tithi: Tithi represents the lunar day in the Hindu calendar. It is determined by the angular distance between the Sun and the Moon. The Panchang provides information about the current Tithi, including its name (e.g., Shukla Paksha Pratipada), duration, and significance.
2. Nakshatra: Nakshatra refers to the lunar mansion or constellation in which the Moon is positioned at a specific time. There are 27 Nakshatras in Vedic Astrology, and the Panchang lists the Nakshatra for the day along with its ruling deity and other associated attributes.
3. Yoga: Yoga represents the union or combination of the Sun and the Moon. It is considered significant in Vedic Astrology for determining the auspicious and inauspicious times for various activities. The Panchang provides details about the current Yoga, such as its name (e.g., Shubha Yoga), duration, and its influence on different activities.
4. Karana: Karana refers to a half-Tithi or a specific angular relationship between the Sun and the Moon. There are 11 Karanas in total, and they are used for determining the most favorable times for specific tasks. The Panchang indicates the current Karana along with its significance and duration.
5. Rashi: Rashi represents the zodiac sign in which the Moon is positioned at a specific time. There are 12 Rashis or zodiac signs in Vedic Astrology, and the Panchang provides information about the current Rashi.
Apart from these components, the Panchang also includes other details such as sunrise and sunset timings, planetary positions, auspicious and inauspicious timings (Muhurthas), festivals, and other astrological and cultural information.
The Panchang is used by individuals and astrologers for determining auspicious times for various activities, planning religious ceremonies, festivals, and important events, and gaining general astrological and astronomical insights for a specific day. It is considered an essential tool for aligning with the cosmic energies and making informed decisions based on astrological considerations.